The limbic system is the section of the brain that is responsible for moods. The two key components of the limbic system are the hippocampus and the amygdala. The hippocampus is where long term memories are stored. Such memories include sensory information like taste, touch, and smell. Smell happens to be a very effective way of recalling long term memories; and these smells can elicit positive or negative feelings or moods. While the hippocampus holds the memories, the amygdala gauges how to store these memories. It allows us to recall memories with a strong emotional connection more quickly than memories with less emotions. Now to get to the chemistry of it all! We all possess hormones and neurotransmitters, which are responsible for generating the emotions that we feel daily. There are 3 hormones to focus on in terms of mood and emotions.
The first is serotonin, or the happy hormone. Serotonin works with receptors in the brain to elevate mood, sharpen memory, and even encourage healthy sleeping habits. High levels of serotonin lead to feelings of happiness, content, and alertness; while low levels lead to sadness, lethargy, and sleepiness. Foods high in tryptophan, exercise, and sunlight exposure are all simple ways to boost serotonin levels.
Next is cortisol or the stress hormone. There exists two types of stress. The first is eustress, which means good stress. The other is distress, which is bad stress. Stress releases the cortisol hormone. Eustress leads to feelings of invigoration, alertness, and determination; with cortisol levels returning to normal. Distress, on the other hand elicits feelings of uneasiness, tension, and anxiety; with cortisol levels rising and staying high. Eustress includes activities such as trying to beat the boss on your favorite video game or crossfit training. When you are in distress it is good to exercise or talk with a loved one.
The last hormone is oxytocin, better known as the love hormone. This hormone is produced in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is the portion of the brain that regulates hormones. Oxytocin is disbursed throughout the body via the pituitary gland. Oxytocin is responsible for creating feelings of trust and love. Such experiences as a new relationship or physical touch can bring forth this hormone. It can aid in relieving physical pain by maintaining a sense of calm. Increasing levels of oxytocin are simple and include such activities as embracing loved ones, intimacy with partner, or any positive social interactions.
Simply put you can enhance your overall mood by not taking on more than you can handle and doing more of the things you enjoy.